Pallister-Killian Syndrome Disorder | 6 Common Signs and Symptoms Observed

Pallister-Killian Syndrome Disorder | 6 Common Signs and Symptoms Observed

Pallister-Killian Syndrome Disorder | 6 Common Signs and Symptoms Observed,  Pallister Killian Syndrome (PKS), also known as Tetrasomy 12p Mosaicism, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the presence of extra genetic material on the short arm of chromosome 12. PKS is considered a chromosomal abnormality, specifically a mosaic condition, meaning that not all cells in the body have the extra genetic material. It was first described by Pallister in 1977 and Killian in 1981.

PKS occurs sporadically, meaning that it typically occurs by chance and is not inherited from parents. The extra genetic material in PKS is usually present in some cells of the body, while other cells have a normal chromosomal composition. This mosaic pattern can make the diagnosis of PKS challenging, as the symptoms can vary widely between individuals.

The main clinical features of PKS are highly variable and can affect multiple organ systems. Some of the common signs and symptoms observed in individuals with PKS include:

1. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Most individuals with PKS have some degree of intellectual disability, ranging from mild to severe. Developmental delays are also common, including delays in motor skills, speech and language development, and cognitive abilities.
2. Dysmorphic Features: PKS can cause distinct facial features, although they may not be present in all individuals. These features may include a high forehead, widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), a flat nasal bridge, a short nose, a prominent philtrum, and a wide mouth with a thin upper lip.
3. Growth and Physical Abnormalities: Growth retardation is commonly observed in PKS, resulting in short stature. Other physical abnormalities may include joint stiffness, skeletal abnormalities, and abnormalities in the hands and feet, such as extra fingers or toes (polydactyly) or fused digits (syndactyly).
4. Seizures and Epilepsy: Epilepsy is a common feature in PKS, with many individuals experiencing seizures. The types and severity of seizures can vary among affected individuals.
5. Hearing and Vision Problems: Hearing loss, including sensorineural and conductive hearing loss, can occur in PKS. Vision problems, such as strabismus (crossed eyes) or refractive errors, may also be present.
6. Cardiac and Renal Abnormalities: Some individuals with PKS may have structural abnormalities in the heart, including ventricular septal defects or atrial septal defects. Renal abnormalities, such as cystic kidneys or kidney malformations, have also been reported in some cases.

The diagnosis of PKS is typically confirmed through genetic testing, such as chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), which can detect the presence of extra genetic material on chromosome 12. However, as PKS is a mosaic condition, it is possible for the genetic abnormality to be missed in routine genetic testing if the affected cells are not present in the sample analyzed.

Management of PKS involves a multidisciplinary approach, as individuals with PKS often require medical, educational, and supportive interventions. Treatment may include early intervention programs to address developmental delays, speech therapy to improve communication skills, physical and occupational therapy to manage motor difficulties, and educational support tailored to individual needs. Seizures can be managed with antiepileptic medications, and other medical issues, such as cardiac abnormalities or hearing loss, may require specialized care.

It is important for individuals with PKS to receive ongoing medical monitoring and regular follow-up with a team of healthcare professionals to address any specific health concerns that may arise. Family support and early intervention services play a crucial role in optimizing the quality of life for individuals with PKS.

In summary, Pallister Killian Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the presence of extra genetic material on chromosome 12. It is a mosaic condition with variable clinical features, including intellectual and developmental disabilities, dysmorphic features, growth and physical abnormalities, seizures, and other medical issues. Early diagnosis, comprehensive medical management, and supportive interventions can help improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals with PKS.

At P home care, our nursing support services are tailored to meet your unique healthcare needs. With our skilled and compassionate nursing team, we provide individualized care, medication management, wound care, chronic disease management, 24/7 care, post-operative care, health monitoring, and support during palliative or end-of-life stages. Your well-being is our top priority, and we are committed to delivering exceptional care every step of the way. Contact us today to learn more about our nursing support services and how we can assist you on your healthcare journey.

We provide nursing support services all across Australia including Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Gold Coast-Tweed Heads, Canberra-Queanbeyan, Newcastle, Central Coast, Wollongong, Sunshine Coast, Geelong, Townsville, Hobart, Cairns, Toowoomba, Darwin, and Alice Springs.

If you have any questions or would like to discuss our services further, please do not hesitate to contact our team. You can get in touch with us at – 1800 571 955 or email us at – ndis@phomecare.com.au

We are here to support you every step of the way and provide the highest standard of care.